FAQ

General

De Era is a flagship clinic with a strong focus on regenerative medicine, aesthetic medicine and functional medicine. We believe that everyone deserves to be gorgeous, inside and out!

Besides bringing together extensive range of treatments, we emphasise on providing you with a warm and comfortable environment throughout your visit. From plush waiting area to stylish doctor’s room to world class en-suite rooms, we aim to enhance your experience to a whole new level.

Come visit us today in any of our 5 clinics across Malaysia to rediscover lost youth, beauty and vitality:

1. AMBULATORY CARE CENTRE
No. 1, Jalan Dato’ Khong Kam Tak, Off Jalan
Tambun, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
+605-541 6436

2. KLINIK DE ERA IPOH
No. 7, Tingkat Taman Ipoh 12, Taman Ipoh
Selatan, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
+605-541 6182

3. KLINIK DE ERA ALOR SETAR
No. 166, Jalan Kurung 2, Taman Bandar Baru
Mergong, 06250 Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
+6012-772 6383

4. KLINIK DE ERA SERI KEMBANGAN
A20-G, The Atmosphere, Jalan Atmosphere 3
43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
+603-8958 6436

5. KLINIK DE ERA FIGURELINE
8-1, Jalan PJU 5/7, Kota Damansara, 47810
Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
+603-7496 0189

The services available in De Era include:

  • REGENERATIVE MEDICINE: Many age-related conditions, degenerative disease, injuries, and immune disorders are showing therapeutic benefit from stem cell treatments. If you are looking to slow down the aging process or seeking treatment of a disease, we can help you with stem cell therapy.
  • AESTHETIC MEDICINE: Non-invasive aesthetic procedures that provides customised solutions tailored for all your face, skin and body concerns, with aim to deliver natural looking results and low-down time in the hands of safe and experienced doctors.
  • FUNCTIONAL MEDICINE: Our functional medicine trained doctor spends time with you, listening to your history, mapping your personal timeline, and looking at the interactions among genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors that can influence long-term health and complex chronic disease. A personalized and systems-oriented model that empowers you to achieve the highest expression of health by working in collaboration to address the underlying causes of disease

We have 5 clinics across Malaysia, you may call the clinic of your choice to make an appointment. We look forward to see you!

1. AMBULATORY CARE CENTRE
No. 1, Jalan Dato’ Khong Kam Tak, Off Jalan
Tambun, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
+605-541 6436

2. KLINIK DE ERA IPOH
No. 7, Tingkat Taman Ipoh 12, Taman Ipoh
Selatan, 31400 Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
+605-541 6182

3. KLINIK DE ERA ALOR SETAR
No. 166, Jalan Kurung 2, Taman Bandar Baru
Mergong, 06250 Alor Setar, Kedah, Malaysia
+6012-772 6383

4. KLINIK DE ERA SERI KEMBANGAN
A20-G, The Atmosphere, Jalan Atmosphere 3
43300 Seri Kembangan, Selangor, Malaysia
+603-8958 6436

5. KLINIK DE ERA FIGURELINE
8-1, Jalan PJU 5/7, Kota Damansara, 47810
Petaling Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
+603-7496 0189

De Era App provides you with an easy and convenient way to track your journey with us from credits and rebates, to treatments and merchandise purchased. All you need is a smartphone and Internet access!

You need to first be referred by a Sponsor to register a user account with De Era. If you do not have a sponsor, you may drop us an email or call us, we will be glad to assist.

  • Email Us: ask@deera.io
  • Call Us:
  • +605-5416182 (during office hours)
  • +6013-5337109 (after office hours)

Once you have a De Era account, you can log into the app using your mobile number/email and your password, provided your mobile phone is connected to the Internet via mobile data or Wi-Fi.

Yes, you can use DE ERA anywhere in the world, provided you have an Android smartphone or iPhone and Internet access, though you may incur additional roaming and data charges if you are not using a local mobile service provider.

Sign up

You need to be 18 year or older, have a valid mobile number, and referred by a Sponsor to be able to register an account with De Era.

If you do not have a sponsor, you may drop us an email or call us, we will be glad to assist.

  • Email Us: ask@deera.io
  • Call Us:
  • +605-5416182 (during office hours)
  • +6013-5337109 (after office hours)

You can sign up with De Era in 5 simple steps:

  • Download ‘De Era’ app from Google Play or App Store.
  • Tap ‘Sign Up now!’ at bottom of page.
  • Enter your sponsor code, display name, date of birth, mobile number, and password
  • Agree to Terms & Conditions and Privacy Policy
  • Enter the OTP (One-Time Password) sent to your mobile phone via SMS

2 key reasons. Firstly is to qualify that you meet the age requirement of 18 years or older. Secondly is for our clinicians to search for your account on the De Era Clinic App when you want to conduct monetary transactions.

You have to verify your email address in order to receive the receipts of your transactions, account updates, notifications and promotions via email. You also have to verify your email address if you want to use it to log in.

To verify your email address, please open De Era app and carry out the following: Me > View & Edit Profile > Enter password > Tap on email address > Enter email address > Enter OTP that was sent to your email > Submit.

You can only log in with a verified email address. To verify your email address, please refer to the previous question.

No, you cannot sign up for more than one account using the same mobile number and email address.

This means that your mobile number has already been registered with De Era. Try logging in as an existing user with your mobile number or email address. If you forgot your password, you may reset your password by tapping on ‘Forget Password’ on Login page.

If you experience this problem despite not having signed up with De Era before, you may contact us at:

  • Email Us: ask@deera.io
  • Call Us:
  • +605-5416182 (during office hours)
  • +6013-5337109 (after office hours)

User Account

You can change your password by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Me’ > Tap ‘View & Edit Profile’ > Tap ‘Password’ > Enter your old password > Enter your new password > Confirm the new password by re-entering it > Password successfully changed.

You can only change your profile picture, display name, password, mobile number and email. If you want to change other details such as your address and date of birth, you may contact us at:

  • Email Us: ask@deera.io
  • Call Us:
  • +605-5416182 (during office hours)
  • +6013-5337109 (after office hours)

To verify your email address, please open De Era app and carry out the following: Me > View & Edit Profile > Enter password > Tap on email address > Enter email address > Enter OTP that was sent to your email > Submit.

Yes, you may transfer the credit in your De Era Credits account to another user.

No, the money in De Era Coins account is not transferable.

No, the money in De Era Associate account is not transferable.

Given De Era Coins is for the purchase of products and treatments, monies from De Era Coins cannot be withdrawn upon account closure.

Given De Era Rebates can only be deductible from selected products and treatments, monies from De Era Rebates cannot be withdrawn upon account closure.

Yes, you may withdraw the money in De Era Associate account.

The minimum amount of payment of commission is Three Hundred Ringgit (RM300.00) or as otherwise mandated by any country in which De Era operates. If the earned amount is less than that amount, it will be accumulated until such time that the amount exceeds Three Hundred Ringgit (RM300.00).

To withdraw the money in your De Era Associate account, you may send an email to ask@deera.io with the following details

  • Display name
  • Full name
  • Mobile number
  • State your intention to withdraw
  • Currency (e.g. MYR, SGD)

We will process your request and contact you within 30 working days.

Security

Information provided are encrypted, secured, and protected. Data in De Era complies with the Personal Data Protection Act of Singapore and Malaysia.

Your DE ERA Wallet is password-locked and every transaction requires your password or your fingerprint. All transactions are securely encrypted. You will also receive a notification when a transaction is completed.

You may contact us at the following to de-activate your De Era account.

  • Email Us: ask@deera.io
  • Call Us:
  • +605-5416182 (during office hours)
  • +6013-5337109 (after office hours)

Once you have installed De Era app on your new mobile phone, kindly contact us to re-activate your account.

If you need your password to login, you may reset your password by tapping on ‘Forget Password’ on Login page.

If you are already login to the app and you need your password to conduct transactions, follow the steps below:

Open De Era app > Tap ‘Me’ > Tap ‘View & Edit Profile’ > Tap ‘Password’ > Enter your old password > Enter your new password > Confirm the new password by re-entering it > Password successfully changed.

No. Your De Era Wallet is password-locked and every transaction requires either your password or your fingerprint to be approved.

Top up

You may top up your De Era Credits via the App or at our clinics.

You may top up your De Era Credits via the App by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Top Up’ > Select Payment Mode > Confirm Payment.

Payment modes available for top up via the App varies depending on the selected currency.

  • If selected currency is MYR (RM), the following payment modes available:
    • Cash*
    • Cheque*
  • * Visit our clinic to complete transaction
  • If selected currency is SGD (S$)**, the following payment modes available:
    • Cash
    • Cheque
    • SLIDE Wallet
    • Credit Card
  • ** Payable to Fintech SEA Pte Ltd, the authorised agent of De Era

The following payment modes available for top up at our clinics:

  • Cash
  • Credit Card

If payment mode is Cash or Cheque, the transaction status will be ‘Pending’. You may view pending transactions by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Me’ > Tap ‘Transaction History’ to view pending transactions.

De Era Credits account will be top up with the equivalent amount when you purchase the following privilege cards:

  • Silver Card
  • Gold Card
  • Platinum Card
  • Diamond Card

You may view more details on the benefits of privilege cards in this link:
https://www.deera.io/privilege-card/

Your De Era Credits account is protected by your password. Keep your password confidential.

Pay

  • If selected currency is MYR (RM), the following payment modes available:
    • Cash*
    • Cheque*
  • * Visit our clinic to complete transaction
  • If selected currency is SGD (S$)**, the following payment modes available:
    • Cash
    • Cheque
    • SLIDE Wallet
    • Credit Card
  • ** Payable to Fintech SEA Pte Ltd, the authorised agent of De Era

If payment mode is Cash or Cheque, the transaction status will be ‘Pending’. You may view pending transactions by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Me’ > Tap ‘Transaction History’ to view pending transactions.

“Pay” function on the App only allows you to make payments to De Era clinic by scanning the clinic QR code.

You may pay by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Pay’ > Scan Clinic QR code > If no amount shown, enter amount > Tap ‘Pay Now’ > Tap ‘Confirm and Pay’ > Enter password > Payment successfully done.

Yes, you may view receipts by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Me’ > Tap ‘Transaction History’ > Tap ‘Completed’ to view successful payment.

You can make payment for as much as the balance in your De Era Coins, De Era Associate and De Era Coins suffice.

Membership

All you need to do is to sign up an account with us on De Era App. Upon sign up, you are conferred an Ordinary Member Card.

You may purchase one of the 5 De Era privilege cards to enjoy benefits and privileges:

  1. Green Privilege Card
  2. Silver Privilege Card
  3. Gold Privilege Card
  4. Platinum Privilege Card
  5. Diamond Privilege Card

You may view more details on the benefits of privilege cards in this link:
https://www.deera.io/privilege-card/

You may purchase a privilege by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap on the privilege card of your choice > Tap ‘Purchase Card Now’ > Complete Card Registration > Complete Payment.

If payment mode is Cash or Cheque, the transaction status will be ‘Pending’. You may view pending transactions by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Me’ > Tap ‘Transaction History’ to view pending transactions.

The privilege card will only be conferred to you once the transaction is completed (i.e. transaction status is ‘Completed’). You may view completed transactions by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Me’ > Tap ‘Transaction History’ > Tap ‘Completed’ tab to view completed transactions.

If payment mode is Cash or Cheque, the transaction status will be ‘Pending’.

  • You may view pending transactions by following the steps below:
    Open De Era app > Tap ‘Me’ > Tap ‘Transaction History’ to view pending transactions.
  • Kindly ensure your cash is received or cheque is cleared by our clinics or Fintech SEA Pte Ltd (the authorised Singapore agent of De Era) in Malaysia and Singapore respectively.
  • Upon cash received or cheque clearance, your transaction status will be updated to ‘Completed’.

The privilege card will only be conferred to you once the transaction is completed (i.e. transaction status is ‘Completed’). You may view completed transactions by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Me’ > Tap ‘Transaction History’ > Tap ‘Completed’ tab to view completed transactions.

If payment mode is Credit Card or SLIDE, the transaction will be completed real time and the privilege card will be conferred to you.

If you experience this problem despite the above steps taken, you may contact us at:

  • Email Us: ask@deera.io
  • Call Us:
  • +605-5416182 (during office hours)
  • +6013-5337109 (after office hours)

No, membership is not transferrable.

You may view more details on the benefits of privilege cards in this link:
https://www.deera.io/privilege-card/

Kindly present your card to our friendly staff at the clinic to enjoy the Card Benefits.

You may view your card in the App by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Membership’ to see your membership card.

No, facials and medical facials are not exchangeable for cash or product.

Privilege Card Members may enjoy facials worth up to RM360 per session in value, and medical facials worth up to RM600 per session in value.

No, Shares are not exchangeable for cash or product. It will be held in trust by DE ERA, and will earn dividends subject to the dividend policy of DE ERA. The shares will only be allotted prior to Initial Public Offering, subject to the usual compliance requirement setup by the Companies Commission of Malaysia (SSM) for shareholder’s agreement.

While Ordinary Member Card does not expire, Privilege Cards do expire.

Privilege Card membership works on an annual subscription basis. Your membership remain in force until the day before your next annual membership renewal is due, at which point it will automatically terminate. For membership to remain in force and to enjoy the benefits, the member is required to renew their annual membership subscription prior expiry.

You may view your card expiry date in the App by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Membership’ to see your membership card expiry date.

You may view details on the benefits of privilege cards in this link:
https://www.deera.io/privilege-card/

You may renew your membership 3 months prior expiry by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Membership’ > Tap ‘Renew’ > Select payment mode > Confirm payment > Payment successfully made* and membership renewed.

*Note if payment mode is cash or cheque, payment is only successful once cash received or cheque cleared by clinic

The Membership Subscription Fee is reviewed from time to time.

You may view the Membership Subscription Fee 3 months prior expiry by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Membership’ > Tap ‘Renew’ > Select payment mode > Confirm payment to view the Membership Subscription Fee.

Your account will be reverted to Ordinary Member Card in the case where Privilege Card expires.

Upon expiry, you will no longer be entitled to enjoy privilege card benefits. Your balance in De Era Credits, De Era Coins and De Era Associate will not be affected.

If you are Green Privilege Card member, you may upgrade to:

  • Silver Privilege Card, or
  • Gold Privilege Card, or
  • Platinum Privilege Card, or
  • Diamond Privilege Card

If you are Silver Privilege Card member, you may upgrade to:

  • Gold Privilege Card, or
  • Platinum Privilege Card, or
  • Diamond Privilege Card

If you are Gold Privilege Card member, you may upgrade to:

  • Platinum Privilege Card, or
  • Diamond Privilege Card

If you are Platinum/Diamond Privilege Card member, you will not be able upgrade.

You may upgrade a privilege by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap on the privilege card of you would like to upgrade to > Tap ‘Purchase Card Now’ > Complete Card Registration > Complete Payment.

If payment mode is Cash or Cheque, the transaction status will be ‘Pending’. You may view pending transactions by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Me’ > Tap ‘Transaction History’ to view pending transactions.

The privilege card will only be conferred to you once the transaction is completed (i.e. transaction status is ‘Completed’). You may view completed transactions by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Me’ > Tap ‘Transaction History’ > Tap ‘Completed’ tab to view completed transactions.

Upgrade admin fee is a fee to cover administrative costs incurred during privilege card upgrade.

No upgrade admin fee is incurred if you upgrade within 1 month from the time you purchased a privilege card.

5% upgrade admin fee is incurred if you upgrade after 1 month from the time you purchased a privilege card.

Just bought a privilege card? Upgrade within a month to avoid incurring admin fee.

Associate

To become an Associate, the applicant must be a Platinum or a Diamond Card holder and opt in to be an Associate.

A Green/Silver/Gold Card holder may become an Associate by upgrading to a Platinum Card or a Diamond Card and opt in to be an Associate.

No, you cannot transfer your role as an Associate.

In a nutshell, as an Associate, you will get to enjoy commission from the sales of De Era products and services.

You will qualify for commission only if you are ACTIVE. You are considered ACTIVE if the following consumption orders are met in the month:

  • Personal Consumption Orders of 100PV
  • Group Consumption Orders of 500PV

Point Value (PV) is assigned to a De Era product or service. PV is used to calculate commission payable to Associates. One (1) PV has a value of One (1) Ringgit.

You will enjoy 3 key benefits as follows:

  1. Chronology Commission
    Associates are paid based on the PV of all products and services purchased by members under his/her chronology. 

    • Level 1: 20% PV of all members in Level 1
    • Level 2: 10% PV of all members in Level 2
  2. Matching Bonus
    When a member within an Associate’s first two levels in the chronology becomes an Associate, the sponsoring Associate will earn a Matching Bonus of 15% of the PV earned by the sponsored Associate.
  3. Dynamic Compression
    When a member within an Associate’s first two levels in the chronology becomes is inactive*, members under the inactive member will move up in place of the inactive member.

You will qualify for commission only if you are ACTIVE. You are considered ACTIVE if the following consumption orders are met in the month:

  • Personal Consumption Orders of 100PV
  • Group Consumption Orders of 500PV

De Era Accounts

De Era Credits is a general account to hold monies for purchase of products and treatments.

De Era Credits account will be top up with the equivalent amount when you purchase the following privilege cards:

  • Silver Card
  • Gold Card
  • Platinum Card
  • Diamond Card

You may view more details on the benefits of privilege cards in this link:
https://www.deera.io/privilege-card/

You may also top up your De Era Credits via the App or at our clinics.

You may top up your De Era Credits via the App by following the steps below:
Open De Era app > Tap ‘Top Up’ > Select Payment Mode > Confirm Payment.

De Era Coins is an account to hold the 10% personal rebate credited to you for purchase of products and treatments with De Era Credits that you top up.

10% personal rebates is not applicable if you use De Era Credits from privilege card purchase to buy products and treatments.

You may use De Era Coins to discount payments for selected products and treatments.

De Era Associate is an account to hold the following:

  • 5% referral commission – all members are entitled to receive 5% referral commission when the user whom they sponsored purchases a privilege card
  • Group spending commission – only Platinum or Diamond card holders who join as Associate will be entitled to enjoy Group spending commission.

Termination

We are sorry to see you go. To terminate your account, please contact us at ask@deera.io with the following details

  • Display name
  • Full name
  • Mobile number
  • State your intention to withdraw
  • Currency (e.g. MYR, SGD)

We will process your request and contact you within 30 working days.

Health Screening

Below is a list of tests commonly ordered as part of a screening or health check-up. Some tests screen for specific diseases, while others give a more generalized idea of how well your body is functioning. In many cases, abnormal values in a test could indicate a number of possible underlying issues, and be a sign for doctors to investigate further to isolate and treat the cause. Some test results when taken into consideration with others can paint a more detailed picture of any underlying medical issues.

G6PD, or glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, is an enzyme that plays a protective role in cell function, especially red blood cells. Low levels would indicate G6PD deficiency, an inherited disorder that causes symptoms of anaemia.

C-reactive Protein (CRP) levels in the blood are an indicator of inflammation or infection. Patients with CRP levels above 3.0mg/L are considered to be at above average risk of cardiovascular disease.

Complete blood count tests are commonly used to measure the quantity of various different cell types within the blood, such as red cells, white cells, and platelets. Different cell types play an important role in the function of processes including the immune system, blood clotting and oxygen transport.

Abnormal values could indicate issues with any of these functions, and the results of multiple different tests are often analysed in conjunction with each other to identify what exactly the problem is.

Red Cell Count

  • Haemoglobin: The haemoglobin protein is located in red blood cells, and is responsible for carrying and transporting oxygen in the blood.
  • RBC: Red blood cell count. People with low RBC or haemoglobin counts are considered to be anaemic, which is usually an indicator of another underlying issue. There are many possible causes of anaemia.
  • PCV: Packed cell volume, is the quantity of red blood cells present in a litre of blood.
  • MCV: Mean corpuscular volume, or the average size of red blood cells.
  • MCH: Mean corpuscular haemoglobin is the average amount of haemoglobin in a red blood cell.
  • MCHC: Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration is the average concentration of haemoglobin within a sample of blood.
  • RDW: Red cell distribution width. This measures how different the size of different red cells are within a cell.

White Cell Count
White blood cells are a vital part of the immune system, and are responsible for fighting foreign infections or diseases. An increased WBC count could indicate the presence of an infection or other immune-related disorder. The type of WBC that is elevated could give a sign as to what kind of infection the body is fighting off.

For example, abnormally high neutrophil counts suggest a bacterial infection, and lymphocytes commonly indicate a viral infection. Eosinophils are often linked with allergic reactions, like hay fever.
Platelets
Platelets are cells that clump together at sites of injury to stop the bleeding. They play a highly important part in blood clotting. Abnormally low platelet counts might be caused by some medications, or an underlying immune disorder.

ESR
Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate. Erythrocyte is a medical term for red blood cells. Sedimentation rate measures how quickly cells settle and collect at the bottom of a test tube. ESR tests are used to get a general idea of any inflammatory problem within the body. A higher ESR value indicates a greater degree of inflammation, because red blood cells settle quicker when inflammation is present.

Glucose tests measure the amount of glucose, or sugar, in your blood. Fasting blood glucose test results will have a lower normal range than random tests.

Abnormally high blood sugar commonly indicate the presence of diabetes or prediabetes. Abnormally low levels are also unhealthy and can indicate a condition known as hypoglycaemia.

Insulin level indicates the amount of carbohydrates a person consumes. Higher the carbohydrate intake, higher will be; the insulin levels. It’s a predictor of Insulin resistance and the risk of developing diabetes and other metabolic diseases.

Lipids are what are more commonly known as fats. There are many different kinds of lipids with different functions in the body, including cholesterol and triglycerides. Trans fats, a generally negative term associated with food, is believed to increase LDL levels and decrease HDL levels.

  • Total Cholesterol: measures the total amount of cholesterol in the blood. HDL and LDL are the two main types of cholesterol.
  • Triglyceride: High triglyceride levels can cause hardened arteries or thickening of artery walls, which increases the risk of heart-related problems such as a stroke.
  • HDL Cholesterol: commonly known as the ‘good’ cholesterol/fat because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the blood.
  • LDL Cholesterol: commonly known as the ‘bad’ cholesterol/fat. High LDL levels increases the risk of heart-related issues, similar to triglycerides.
  • Total Cholesterol/HDL Ratio: a calculated ratio based off your Total cholesterol and HDL results. A higher ratio generally indicates an increased risk of heart-related issues.

Electrolytes are mineral substances present in the body. They are taken from the food and drink people consume as part of their diet. It’s highly important that the concentration of electrolytes are kept in balance in order for our body to function normally. There are many different causes of electrolyte imbalances, such as hormonal disorders, kidney disorders or certain medications.

  • Sodium: helps control the amount of fluid in your body, and is highly important for brain and muscle function.
  • Potassium: essential for proper muscle and nerve function.
  • Chloride: helps maintain a proper fluid and acid-base balance within the body.

Renal Function is another term for the condition of the kidney. The kidney is responsible for filtering out many different waste products from your blood, and through this process producing urine.

The substances measured below are all waste products filtered out by the kidneys. Abnormally high values indicate the kidney isn’t filtering properly and might be a sign of kidney disease or another underlying problem.

  • Urea: the end product of protein metabolism, and one of the main components of urine.
  • Creatinine: a chemical waste product that the kidney filters out from the blood, and is then excreted as part of urine.
  • eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate test, a value based off your creatine test as well as other factors like age, gender and weight. Abnormally low values might be a sign of kidney disease
  • Uric Acid: waste product, excreted with urine.
  • Calcium: an electrolyte that plays a role in many different parts of the body, including kidney function. Calcium is also filtered out from the blood by the kidneys.
  • Corrected Calcium: Calcium mainly binds to a protein called albumin in the blood. In cases where people have low albumin levels, calcium levels are measured differently in order to get a more accurate idea of the calcium levels in the body.
  • Phosphate: an electrolyte that plays a role in nerve and muscle function. Phosphate levels and calcium levels are closely connected to each other.

Like the kidney, the liver also filters the blood, but its focus is more on filtering out toxins such as alcohol or other harmful substances. These tests measure the levels of substances released by the liver. Abnormally high or low levels can indicate the liver is damaged or not functioning properly.

  • Total Protein: measures the quantity of all proteins in the blood.
  • Albumin: the main protein produced by the liver. Low levels might indicate liver damage
  • Globulin: a group of proteins produced by the liver. Commonly analysed with albumin levels.
  • Albumin/Globulin ratio: a value based on your albumin and globulin levels. Different diseases affect albumin and globulin levels differently, and your A/G ratio can help identify the specific issue.
  • Total Bilirubin: a substance that is created when red blood cells break down, and is processed by the liver. Abnormally high levels might indicate the liver isn’t filtering properly, or that red blood cells are breaking down too quickly.
  • Alkaline Phosphatase: commonly found in the liver and bones. Test results are often analysed alongside GGT results to determine if someone has liver problems. Abnormally high ALP but normal GGT levels would indicate bone disease instead.
  • GGT: gamma-glutamyl transferase. Abnormally high ALP and GGT levels usually indicate liver or bile duct disease or fatty liver disease.
  • AST: Aspartate aminotransferase. When damaged as in fatty liver disease, the liver, heart and muscles release AST into the blood, causing abnormally high AST levels.
  • ALT: Alanine aminotransferase. Abnormally high levels indicate liver inflammation, also known as hepatitis and fatty liver disease.

Hormones are proteins present in the body. Everyone has both male and female sex hormones, however, males have a much lower quantity of female hormones and vice versa.

  • Oestradiol and Progesterone: Commonly used to test for infertility. Abnormally low levels in fertile women may indicate insulin resistance, PCOS or issues with the pituitary gland or ovaries. Commonly low in menopausal women.
  • Testosterone: Commonly used to test for infertility. Abnormally low levels in males may be caused by various reasons including insulin resistance, on statin medications, pituitary disorder or testicular damage.
  • DHEA-Sulphate: Commonly used to check if your adrenal glands are working properly. Abnormally high levels are an indication of adrenal gland disorders. Abnormally low levels can have many different causes, including Type 2 diabetes, adrenal insufficiency, kidney disease or anorexia.
  • 25-hydroxy Vitamin D: Commonly used to test for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D helps your body absorb calcium and maintain bone strength. Abnormally low levels may be an indicator of bone weakness and an impaired immune system.
  • Cortisol: Cortisol plays an important role in many different functions of the body, including metabolism and blood pressure. Abnormally high or low levels may indicate a problem with your pituitary gland or adrenal gland. Many environmental factors can also cause abnormal levels, such as stress, pregnancy and certain medications like corticosteroids.
  • Thyroid Function Tests: The thyroid gland produces hormones like T3 and T4 that play a role in the body’s metabolism and growth. It is important that thyroid levels are kept at optimal ranges. The levels of all three proteins are often analysed together to form a picture of thyroid function.
  • Free Thyroxine (T4): It is the inactive form of thyroid hormone.
    • Abnormally high T4 levels indicate hyperthyroidism, which might be caused by an autoimmune disorder. Symptoms include weight loss, tremors and anxiety.
    • Abnormally low T4 levels indicate hypothyroidism, which can cause excessive weight gain or constant feelings of tiredness.
  • Free Tri-iodothyronine (T3): It is the active form of Thyroid hormone. T3 share many of the same characteristics as T4. If T4 levels are abnormally low or high, T3 levels will often reflect this too.
  • Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH): TSH is the hormone that triggers the thyroid gland to produce more T4 and T3 when levels are too low. Abnormally high or low TSH levels may point to a thyroid problem earlier, before it is reflected in changing T3 or T4 levels.

This test measures the level of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in your blood. SHBG is a protein made by your liver. It binds tightly to three sex hormones found in both men and women. These hormones are estrogen; dihydrotestosterone (DHT), and testosterone. SHBG carries these three hormones throughout your blood.

A high SHBG level means that it is likely that less free testosterone is available to your tissues than is indicated by the total testosterone test. A low SHBG level means that more of the total testosterone is bioavailable and not bound to SHBG. This information may be important in your overall evaluation when you have signs and symptoms of a condition related to excess or deficient sex hormone production.

Increased SHBG levels may be seen in:

  • Liver disease
  • Overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism)
  • Eating disorders (anorexia nervosa)
  • Estrogen use (hormone replacement therapy and oral contraceptives)
  • Decreased sex hormone production in men (hypogonadism)
  • Pregnancy

Decreases in SHBG are seen with:

  • Obesity, type 2 diabetes or the metabolic syndrome
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome
  • Underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism)
  • Androgen (“anabolic steroid”) use
  • Cushing syndrome or excessive use of glucocorticoids (such as prednisone or dexamethasone)

HIV tests detect the presence of HIV, a virus that causes AIDS. The tests check for HIV-specific antibodies or antigens, a type of protein the body releases to fight infections. A non-reactive result indicates no presence of HIV.

VDRL tests check for syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection (STI). The test detects antibodies specific to syphilis. A non-reactive result indicates no presence of syphilis.

This test is used to check for vitamin or folic acid deficiency, because homocysteine is an amino acid normally broken down by vitamin B and folic in the body. A high homocysteine level is normally linked with impairment of an individual’s methylation cycle and also indicates an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease.

A test that screens for the Hepatitis A, B, and/or C virus by detecting specific surface antigens and antibodies.

  • HBsAg: detects Hep B surface antigens, a marker for Hep B. A positive result indicates the person is infected.
  • HBsAb: detects Hep B surface antibodies. A positive result indicates the person is protected or immune to the Hep B virus. This can be due to vaccination or after recovering from Hep B in the past.
  • Anti-HCV: tests for Hep C antibodies. A positive or reactive test indicates the person has been infected with Hep C at some point, but does not necessarily mean the person is currently infected.

Tumour markers are substances produced by cells within the body. Abnormally high levels of these substances might indicate the presence of cancer, but it is not a confirmation or diagnosis of cancer. Some tumour markers are specific to one type of cancer, while others are linked with several different types.

  • Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP): AFP is produced mainly in the liver. Abnormally high levels can indicate certain types of liver, testicular, or ovarian cancer
  • CA 125: CA 125 is a cancer antigen mainly associated with ovarian cancer
  • CA 19-9: CA 19-9 is an antigen released by pancreatic cancer cells. High levels are an indication of pancreatic cancer.
  • CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is produced by gastrointestinal tract cells. High CEA levels are commonly, although not always, a sign of colorectal cancer.

A urine test can be used to check for various different medical conditions, including urinary tract infections and kidney disorders. There are normally very little to no amounts of protein, glucose, ketones, white blood cells (leukocytes) and blood found in urine. If more than trace amounts of any of these substances are found, results are considered abnormal. This can be caused by many different factors and may lead to follow-up tests.